In the October 2022 issue of the Arms Control Today magazine, Gaukhar Mukhatzhanova discusses how the Tenth Review Conference of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) came close to adopting a final document and why it ultimately failed to do so. She argues that Russia had likely concluded early that there would be no common ground on references to its war against Ukraine and occupation of nuclear facilities, but waited to see if disagreements on other issues would prevent consensus. She reviews key points of the disarmament debates at the conference and warns that States Parties’ repeated inability to meaningfully review implementation and take forward existing commitments undermines the review process.