The VCDNP, Open Nuclear Network (ONN) and Global Neighbours hosted an in-person seminar on “Navigating Nuclear Risks on the Korean Peninsula” on 22 October 2025. The event featured Professor Moon Chung-in, a Professor at Yonsei University and a former Advisor to the President of the Republic of Korea for Foreign Affairs and National Security. Opening remarks were delivered by Professor Dr. Xuewu Gu, Chair Professor at the University of Bonn and Advisory Board Member of Global Neighbours, and Laura Rockwood, Senior Fellow at the VCDNP and ONN Advisory Council Member. The discussion was moderated by VCDNP Executive Director Elena K. Sokova.
Professor Moon began by outlining recent political and economic challenges facing the Republic of Korea (ROK), including the declaration of martial law under the previous ROK President and deepening societal polarisation. He then focused on ongoing trends, including the risks posed by North Korea’s growing nuclear capabilities and the debate in the ROK on nuclear armament to curb those risks.
Professor Moon observed that North Korea’s nuclear weapons programme constitutes an existential and pressing threat to regional security. He further noted that the repercussions of Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine include, among other developments, the abandonment by North Korea of its previous no-first-use doctrine. They also highlight the urgency of nuclear risk reduction efforts.
Professor Moon also examined the ROK’s evolving debate over acquiring nuclear weapons. Once considered taboo, the idea has gained momentum as some have expressed doubts about the credibility of US extended deterrence. Nevertheless, he noted that opposition to developing nuclear weapons still dominates public discourse. Professor Moon also underscored President Lee’s unequivocal anti-nuclear stance, stressing his rejection of nuclear weapons development as well as his commitment to reducing tensions with North Korea.
The seminar underscored the complexity and urgency of managing nuclear risks on the Korean Peninsula. Professor Moon emphasised the importance of multilateral dialogue, constructive engagement with regional powers, and sustained efforts to reduce tensions, highlighting that careful diplomacy remains crucial to maintaining peace and stability across the region.
